At some point in a large enough frontend codebase, the build itself becomes the bottleneck. Thousands of components, dozens of teams, one monolithic bundle — something has to give. Module Federation is one of the more interesting solutions people have reached for, and it’s worth understanding properly before you commit to it.
What Is Module Federation? Module Federation is a feature introduced in Webpack 5 that lets JavaScript applications dynamically load code from other JavaScript applications at runtime — not at build time [1]. That single distinction is what makes it different from everything else.